{"id":38864,"date":"2015-09-25T00:05:51","date_gmt":"2015-09-24T22:05:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.arabtelegraph.com\/?p=38864"},"modified":"2015-09-25T00:05:51","modified_gmt":"2015-09-24T22:05:51","slug":"happy-birthday-to-everyone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arabtelegraph.com\/?p=38864","title":{"rendered":"Happy birthday &#8211; to everyone"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Los Angeles &#8211; Right now someone on the planet is singing the <em>Happy Birthday<\/em> song.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>The world&#8217;s favourite serenade is a staple at birthday parties in dozens of languages around the globe, from English, French and German to Finnish, Arabic and Japanese. It&#8217;s even been translated into the fictional <em>Star Trek<\/em> language Klingon.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">As ubiquitous as the song may be, it has been claimed as private property, owned by Los Angeles-based Warner Music Group, since 1988.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">But a US federal court in Los Angeles on Tuesday rejected the company&#8217;s copyright claims, ruling that it had never owned the lyrics. It found in favour of a trio of US artists who sued in 2013, arguing that the song belongs to the world.<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Warner\/Chappell pulled in an estimated $2m a year from licences, making it one of the most lucrative songs ever published.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Film makers, toy makers, ring-tone programmers, restaurant chains and even the Girl Scouts have been asked to pay licence fees from $500 to tens of thousands of dollars for using the song. Many artists in film, theatre and music avoid the song over budget concerns.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8220;In the film industry, it&#8217;s always been a bit of a joke,&#8221; film maker Jennifer Nelson told dpa. &#8220;Your boss is always telling you, &#8216;don&#8217;t film the <em>Happy Birthday<\/em> song&#8217;, because you have to pay for it!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The New York-based director was working on a documentary about the origins of <em>Happy Birthday to You<\/em> &#8211; and had paid $1 500 for a licence to use the song in it &#8211; when she discovered a brief by legal scholar Robert Brauneis arguing that the copyright was invalid.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In 2013, she decided to take the theory to court.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">She was joined in the suit by two other artists: a musician who had to license <em>Happy Birthday to You<\/em> when she sang it on a live album, and a director who was hit with a surprise $3 000 bill after he used the song in a film.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8220;It&#8217;s such a huge part of our lives,&#8221; Nelson said. &#8220;This notion that you have to pay for it, that somebody owns it, just doesn&#8217;t feel right.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Their original case before a federal court in Los Angeles argued that a 1963 renewal of the 1935 copyright was invalid.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Then last month, they discovered what Nelson called a &#8220;smoking gun&#8221; &#8211; a 1922 songbook that published the song without copyright, which under US law would invalidate any later claim.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">US district judge George King ruled that the original copyright held by Clayton F Summy Co covered only the melody, but not the lyrics.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Warner did not respond to a request for comment, but in the past, the company has told US media the copyright, which it acquired decades ago, was valid.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>Happy Birthday to You<\/em>&#8216;s origins go back more than a century, to the German-inspired kindergarten movement that upended children&#8217;s education in the US in the second half of the 19th century.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In 1893, Kentucky composer Mildred Hill and her kindergarten teacher sister Patty composed the song, originally entitled <em>Good Morning To You<\/em>, as an experimental teaching tool &#8211; a simple tune children could memorise and repeat at the start of each school day.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The six-word song lent itself easily to adaptation, and Hill&#8217;s classes would sing different lyrics to celebrate vacations and birthdays, according to research by Brauneis.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">It made the leap to popular culture at a Louisville, Kentucky, birthday party when Patty Hill had guests serenade first-generation German-American Lisette Hast with the lyrics, according to the official history of The Little Loomhouse, where the party took place.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Within decades, the song was a staple of American culture. It was America&#8217;s first singing telegram, and the first song sung in space. Missionaries from Kentucky brought it first to Europe, then around the globe, according to Nelson&#8217;s research.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8220;It&#8217;s celebrated in cultures all around the world, and it belongs to the people,&#8221; said Nelson. &#8220;It&#8217;s the people&#8217;s song.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Publicity surrounding the lawsuit has meant that now, it&#8217;s Nelson&#8217;s song too. She showed up in a hotel recently to find a happy birthday cake waiting for her in her room &#8211; even though it wasn&#8217;t her birthday.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8220;I&#8217;m the birthday girl now,&#8221; she said. &#8220;I&#8217;ll take it.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los Angeles &#8211; Right now someone on the planet is singing the Happy Birthday song. The world&#8217;s favourite serenade is a staple at birthday parties in dozens of languages around the globe, from English, French and German to Finnish, Arabic and Japanese. It&#8217;s even been translated into the fictional Star Trek language Klingon. As ubiquitous &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":38873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38864","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-te-public"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Happy birthday - to everyone - Arab Telegraph<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arabtelegraph.com\/?p=38864\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Happy birthday - to everyone - Arab Telegraph\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Los Angeles &#8211; Right now someone on the planet is singing the Happy Birthday song. 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