{"id":107610,"date":"2017-11-04T01:06:19","date_gmt":"2017-11-03T23:06:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.arabtelegraph.com\/?p=107610"},"modified":"2017-11-04T01:06:19","modified_gmt":"2017-11-03T23:06:19","slug":"pakistans-glaciers-face-new-threat-highways-black-carbon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arabtelegraph.com\/?p=107610","title":{"rendered":"Pakistan\u2019s glaciers face new threat: Highway\u2019s black carbon"},"content":{"rendered":"

This border outpost on the Karakoram Highway, slashed through the glacier-strewn Karakoram mountains to join China and Pakistan by road, boasts a new world record: It has the world\u2019s highest automated bank teller machine.<\/strong><\/p>\n

But the ATM is just one of the changes happening along the high altitude highway, which is increasingly a tourist attraction after a major upgrade as part of a $54 billion Chinese-funded effort to boost transport and trade links between the two countries.<\/p>\n

At the border post, the highest paved international crossing in the world, more than a dozen diesel semi-trailer trucks now crawl over the pass each day, and hundreds of vehicles crowded with tourists from Pakistan and China clamber up for photos and picnics.<\/p>\n

But experts say all this exhaust-spewing traffic and increasingly heavy tourism threatens the fragile Khunjerab National Park, which surrounds the high-mountain border post, and particularly its glaciers, already melting faster as a result of rising temperatures linked to climate change.<\/p>\n

The highway upgrade, part of the ambitious China Pakistan Economic Corridor, \u201chas two impacts \u2013 one is positive and the other negative,\u201d said Qamar-uz-Zaman Chaudhry, the author of Pakistan\u2019s national climate change policy.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt will bring in much-needed infrastructure. But the carbon emissions and the soot going into the atmosphere will definitely increase \u2013 and our mountain glaciers will melt. We need to do a comprehensive study on the impacts and then develop a strategy,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Pakistan has more glaciers than any other country outside the polar region \u2013 more than 7,200 in the Karakoram, Himalayan and Hindu Kush ranges, according to Pakistan\u2019s meteorological department.<\/p>\n

They feed the Indus River system, the country\u2019s water lifeline. But data gathered over the last 50 years shows that all but around 120 of the glaciers are showing signs of melting, meteorological officials said.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Warming temperatures are to blame for much of the melting but so-called \u201cblack carbon\u201d \u2013 black soot released from diesel vehicle exhaust, factories, open fires and cookstoves – also is to blame, experts say.<\/p>\n

The wind-blown pollutants settle onto glaciers, darkening them and reducing their ability to reflect away sunlight, which leads to a faster rate of melting, said Ghulam Rasul, director general of Pakistan\u2019s Meteorological Department.<\/p>\n

He said a 2013 sampling of five glaciers in northern Pakistan had shown that winds from India were blowing black carbon, largely from coal-fired power plants and steel industries, onto the lower reaches of Pakistan\u2019s mountain glaciers.<\/p>\n

But because the particles tend to be heavy, \u201cat a higher level our glaciers are not tainted\u201d, he said.<\/p>\n

That may be changing, however, as the newly expanded China-Pakistan highway brings an army of vehicles through Pakistan\u2019s high mountains each day.<\/p>\n

\u201cNow our own development will be contributing to the melting,\u201d Chaudhry noted.<\/p>\n

\"Tourists<\/a>
Tourists gather near the China-Pakistan border crossing at the Khunjerab Pass, on the upgraded Karakoram Highway that links China and Pakistan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

FASTER TRAVEL<\/h3>\n

The Karakoram Highway has been around since 1982, but the Chinese-funded upgrade \u2013 which opened in 2015 – has turned a once treacherous track into a 15-foot-wide paved road.<\/strong><\/p>\n

A series of tunnels, cut through the mountains, have reduced the driving time to the Khunjerab Pass from Gilgit, the capital of Gilgit-Balistan region, from eight hours to four hours.<\/p>\n

Now trucks are pouring over the border, laden with Chinese goods and equipment headed to Sost, the first border town on the Pakistani side, and then further down the 1,300-kilometre (800-mile) highway toward the port of Gwadar.<\/p>\n

\u201cSo far, there are around 12 to 18 trawlers (semi-trailer trucks) a day coming across five days in a week. They are expected to go up to 100 a day,\u201d said Shabbir, a hotel owner in Sost. \u201cWe are also expecting more Chinese tourists,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

The highway upgrade is just part a huge Chinese investment push into infrastructure in Pakistan \u2013 including a series of new coal-fired power plants \u2013 under the China Pakistan Economic Corridor project.<\/strong><\/p>\n

At the Khunjerab Pass, what once was verdant grassland covered with patches of purple wildflowers is giving way to muddy, tourist-trampled grass. A large new parking has been built alongside the road to accommodate tourists. Formerly pristine streams are accumulating plastic garbage.<\/p>\n

On the way up to the pass, several glaciers \u2013 including the Batura, one of the world\u2019s longest outside polar regions, and the Passu \u2013 reach down to the highway. Seven glaciers emerge from Passu peak, which towers above the highway.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere is definitely increased melting at the terminus of these glaciers and they are thinning\u201d said Rasul, of Pakistan\u2019s meteorological department. Melting of the Batura glacier has led to a large lake forming next to the highway in recent years.<\/p>\n

In 2008, the melting Passu glacier, above the highway, led to a glacial lake outburst flood, which blocked and damaged the road prior to its upgrade.<\/p>\n

\u201cDefinitely, the new infrastructure projects including the (highway) itself will be threatened by the increased melting\u201d Chaudhry said.<\/p>\n

Rasul, however, said he is confident that the increased climate-changing emissions from the expanded highway will be absorbed by ambitious efforts now underway to replant forests in Pakistan, which has seen heavy deforestation in recent decades.<\/p>\n

He also has faith the world will cut climate-changing emissions, as agreed under the Paris climate deal in 2015, sufficiently to prevent the worst impacts of climate change.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere is no big danger to Pakistan,\u201d he predicted. \u201cOur huge ice reserves in the high mountains will last for millennia.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This border outpost on the Karakoram Highway, slashed through the glacier-strewn Karakoram mountains to join China and Pakistan by road, boasts a new world record: It has the world\u2019s highest automated bank teller machine. 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